SILICON NANOPARTICLES

INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in multidisciplinary fields, nanomaterials have attracted great attention. The Silicon Nanoparticles on nanoscale without heavy metals has been studied extensively due to its incomparable physical and chemical properties, such as the possibility of surface functionalization, tunable multicolor light emission depending on the size, stability against photo-color and intriguing, not favorable toxicity. Applications of Si nanoparticles (NP) to energy, electronics, sensors, catalysis and biomedical sources.
Silicon Nanoparticles is a key material for the microelectronics industry. In contrast to its wide use in electronic devices, loose silicon has a limited optoelectronic application due to the indirect nature of its band gap. However, the growing growth of nanotechnology has led to many possible avenues for nanostructured silicon applications.
In addition, the quantum dots of Silicon Nanoparticles (QD), that is to say, the nanoparticles (NP) with spherical shape, are considered a robust nanocomponent for different applications. However, the most useful QDs in different applications today are based on highly toxic compounds such as CdSe, CdTe, etc. The Silicon Nanoparticles QDs are characterized by a fluorescence similar to that of traditional QD, but their toxicity is reduced. The biocompatibility, the high quantum efficiency of the photoluminescence, the photographic bleaching stability and the non-flicker behavior of the Silicon Nanoparticles QD, as well as the adjustable emission of the size and the possibility of functionalization, are the properties that have made the QDs in Efficient silicon for biological applications.
It has also been observed that Silicon Nanoparticles QDs are effective singlet oxygen photorecursors and have been used for drug release in vivo, for chip and bioanalysis applications. It has been shown that the efficiency under the excitation of two photons is three times greater than that of fluorescein. This characteristic is important for its use in bioimaging. The growing interest in Silicon Nanoparticles and Silicon Nanoparticles based nanomaterials and their applications has led to an increase in the number of studies on their adverse biological effects.
The properties of Silicon Nanoparticles are generally understood on the basis of atomic and volume Si models. Due to the benign, abundant and economical nature of Silicon Nanoparticles; The expansion of the use of Silicon in electronic, optoelectric, biological and other applications is highly desirable. Due to its different properties (eg, Emission of size and band, biocompatibility and reactive surface of Si-H and high sensitivity) and the huge market of microelectronics Yes, Silicon nanoparticles are gradually becoming one of the classes most important nano-semiconductors in the fields of sensors, electronics, optics and catalysis. It is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a low probability of phonon-assisted radon-electron recombination (ie, with the consequent spontaneous emission of photons). However, there is a worldwide research interest in the development of a light-emitting diode Silicon, ultimately a Silicon-based laser, and in the observation of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of Si particles at the nanoscale.